Ap World Histroy Dbq

Political, religious, and social factors affected the work of scientist in the sixteenth and seventeenth century in many ways. They were the reasons why natural philosophers questioned, studied, and continued to find new information in their discoveries. Developing a new scientific worldview must have required an abundance of controversy dealing with these important factors. There were people who believed that the discoveries made should not interfere with political power. *Thomas Hobbes, an English Philosopher, certainly believed in many theories’ that scientists had viewed. However he is best known for his political thought. Certainly his political views were included in his scientific works (Doc 7). Louis XVI, a political power, showed interest into the scientific studies. This evidently showed on a drawing to honor Louis XVI’s visit to the French Royal Academy (Doc 10). Clearly, science was encouraged to flourish because people knew the happiness of the country, for not only depending on the arms abroad but for also creating abundances at home (Doc 11). The social factor was furthermost likely to have been more analyzed in scientist works. Many were interested in what people thought of them and their studies. Scientist were even more proficient in removing their experiments completely if people disagreed. Marin Mersenne guaranteed that his experiments had been repeated more than 100 times, but however was willing to change them if someone did not agree. Others however, were confident in their studies and did not care for much criticism (Doc 1). The reason for why natural philosophers were sometimes held back was because they truly did not know what their objective was. This is most likely why they made slight progress in the sixteenth and seventeenth centauries (Doc 4). Religion was unquestionably a factor scientist considered. They took the principles of God into their works. It appeared impossible to them how things could have so much astonishing features and qualities and still have been created out of nature. They knew these things became to exist from an immeasurable wisdom and power (Doc 8). Just as God governs minds, minds have specific laws which place them above the moments of matter (Doc 12). Bible stories were used as comparisons with scientific views, such as John Calvin mentioning Moses who wrote in a popular style where all ordinary persons gifted with common sense and were able to be understood (Doc 2). He is a French Protestant theologian which may be what leads him to trust that astronomy unfolds the admirable wisdom of God. There were those who were not affected with political, religious, and social factors because they were limited on human rights. Women had certain difficulties in the scientific area. Margret Cavendish would have set her own school of natural philosophy if she would have not have feared the casting of a male school. *Margaret, a natural philosopher, was certainly interested in discoveries however, she understood the complications of having a part in this grouping (Doc 9). Studies should have been allowed from those who wished to learn, as well as those who selected to reject whatever is unidentified to them (Doc2). Both genders could have formed a friendship between intelligent associations; this would have been a great aid to the investigation and education of the truth (Doc 6). Political, religious, and social factors were massive topics. Natural Philosophers certainly were aware of their process of studies and experiments. They all had different views on the three factors causing old and new discoveries to be more interesting.

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supply chain management - Essay Example Some scholars revealed that they were unable to find the difference between purchase and supply chain management. Additionally, some marketing analysts have viewed supply chain management as about creating the purchasers creating good relations with their entrusted suppliers. Others argue that supply chain management is not good enough since it does not accommodate all the marketing processes from the industries to the consumers of the goods. The researchers involved these different people to sample their view about the supply chain management as part of the agenda 3. The theory of supply chain management tends to rotate between prescriptions, trend, and description. A major trend identified is the anxiety with the outcome of supply chain management on a variety of marketing functions.The current trend in the market is that supply chain is hastening the corporate theme and there is a lot of proof for this. For instance, some established companies have hired supply chain managers and there has been contest between supply chains rather than between the companies. 3. Christopher, M., (1998), Logistics & Supply Chain Management, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow. The above stated example gives a major problem in the discipline of supply network 4. Most businesspersons use an already established domain related with supplier-buyer behavioral mechanism although it has its own weaknesses. Most of these problems relate management issues, choosing the best supplier of goods among others and these can result from the failure of this field to try the broader concept of

Thermography detection on the fatigue damage of the specimen alloy Essay

Thermography detection on the fatigue damage of the specimen alloy - Essay Example Fatigue occurs when a material is subjected to periodic stress which is below its tensile breaking or yield stress but which is enough to cause permanent damage. The formal definition of fatigue as given by Wikipedia (n.d.1) is: [F]atigue is the progressive, localized, and permanent structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic or fluctuating strains at nominal stresses that have maximum values less than (often much less than) the static yield strength of the material. It is because fatigue happens so quietly and insidiously that makes it very dangerous even resulting in loss of life. Sadananda et al (2003) assert that "Fatigue is the principal cause of premature failure of engineering components". Many structures such as aeroplanes, oil rigs and bridges, to name just a few, are exposed to fluctuating stresses. The engineering approach falls into two broad categories of dealing with stress induced fatigue. The first part is prediction of the lifetime of a material under stress. This model will provide recommendations on how frequently materials have to be replaced. The second approach is to predict how far a crack can grow before failure happens. Detection and prediction of failure of cracks can mean the difference between life and death of users of these facilities. "The basic method o S-N Curves "The basic method of presenting engineering fatigue data is by means of the S-N curve, a plot of stress S against the number of cycles to failure N." ( Key to Steel, n.d.) The S-N curves enable prediction of how long a material will last in terms of cycles of loading. Figure 1. A S-N Plot for an aluminum alloy (Kelly, 1997) Kelly (1997) explains that cracks go through three stages of formation, propagation and failure. Stress Intensity factor K "Stress Intensity, K, is a parameter that amplifies the magnitude of the applied stress that includes the geometrical parameter Y (load type)" (Wikepedia, n.d.2). This factor measures the degree to which stress is magnified around a crack. The loading around a crack falls into three modes I, II and III. Figure 2. Three loading modes (Key to Steel, n.d.) The three modes are: Mode 1: opening or tensile mode (the crack faces are pulled apart) Mode 2: sliding or in-plane shear (the crack surfaces slide over each other) Mode 3: tearing or anti-plane shear (the crack surfaces move parallel to the leading edge of the crack and relative to each other) (Key to Steel, n.d.) The most common mode is mode I and this is what is used in most calculations. The intensity factor, K, determines the rate at which a crack will propagate and hence the lifetime of the material. The mathematical relationship is defined by Callister (1994, cited by Kelly(1997)) as: This equation relates the rate of growth of a crack to the change in intensity factor K. In this equation A and m are dependent on the materials and da is the change in crack length while dN is the change in number of stress cycles. The change in K is defined by: Where Kmax and Kmin are the maximum and minimum intensity factors respectively, Y is a constant dependent geometry of the material and is the applied stress on the material. When this equation is re-arranged and integrated it becomes: This equation gives Nf, the estimated number of cycles before

Essay --

PROPOSAL TO CHANGE THE SMOKING POLICY ON CAMPUS INTRODUCTION Purpose This proposal is to improve the campus environment. Non- smokers does not like the smell of nicotine so it is their right to have a smoke-free environment where they pay tons of thousands of dollars in tuition every year, every semester in many cases. It is designed to encourage better health for everybody. Scope This report covers up policies on our campus. It also compares the policy with policies from other colleges and schools. There are few ways we can deal with this growing issue and improve atmosphere around us. BACKGROUND General Information Every year, there are hundreds of new students admitted to our campus. We are given the student handbook at beginning of the year, which includes school policies. Majority of students do not read the book or just read it for once. We have to start encouraging students to read the policies about smoking and tobacco usage on and around the university properties. Most of the students do not smoke but the other half population that does come from experience in smoking. They start smoking from high school. Research For this issue, I decided to talk to some of the smokers, non-smokers, faculty, and nurses. Most of them had the same opinion on smoking on campus. I also used internet to find policies on our campus and other colleges around us. Some of them had very strict policies on smoking and usage of tobacco around their campuses. When I looked at the smoking policy on our campus, I found that it has not been updated since 2006. It is a long time to overlook an issue of this level. Findings/ Issues Through my research, I came over with few ways we can make our campus green. I also came across the issue of cig... ...ial parking spots just for smokers away from the campus buildings. They can smoke there whenever they without jeopardizing other people’s health. Like proposed before, we can establish â€Å"Smoking Huts† one far end of the parking lot. 7. We can recommend students using the electronic cigarettes instead of traditional smokes. 8. Like many major universities across the nation, we can ban smoking altogether on the campus. This proposal is least likely to pass but as a non-smoker, that is the best way to make our campus environment fresh and clean. CONCLUSION Speaking as a non-smoker, this issue is very serious for us. We definitely have to respect smokers’ choice to smoke but they have to respect ours as well. Not many people like the smell or burning nicotine. These proposals certainly can help clean our community and provide better environment for future generations.

DNA sequencing

Describe the limitations of traditional methods of Identifying bacteria. Traditional methods include judging by phenotypes characteristics. This could be a problem if two bacteria looked similar because they could easily be confused. Summarize the goal of each of the six parts of the lab. Sample Prep First we need to extract the DNA from the bacterial wall PC Amplification Create millions of copies of the initial DNA PC purification Filter out DNA from primers and enzymes Sequencing Prep Run more PC to make copies of DNA at various lengths DNA SequencingSequence machine runs gel electrophoresis to Identify nucleotides and determine sequence. Sequence Analysis Computer determines full DNA sequence which can be run and compared. Explain how fluorescent markers help determine a nucleotide sequence. Each nucleotide is assigned a certain color. Conclusion 1 How can scientists identify specific bacteria when they are amplifying and studying the same region of DNA In each species? They can identify it because there are unique sequences for each species. If you take a sample and find the DNA of it you can then compare it to the Dona's of known bacteria to discover what bacteria the sample is from

Entrepreneurship and Innovation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 581 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Today, about 12.5% of the world population is in self employment.   One thing that is common among this population is their dream to become entrepreneurs and realize their dream of being self employed (Veeraraghavan, V., 2009).   The entrepreneurial dream that drives them is the freedom that allows them to start a business and to work towards its growth and expansion.   Many of the millionaires around the world have time and again explained how they build their business empires through this way.   Who then is an entrepreneur?   An entrepreneur is defined as that person who has the dream, ability of building as well as developing their own business (Morris, M. H. et al, 2010).   The fact is that entrepreneurship is a risky business affair – what with starting a business from scratch with limited resources.   In other words, entrepreneurship is basically starting a business from the ground with the hope that it will develop and grow successfully.   In as much as there is quite a big risk involved in becoming an entrepreneur, it is however rewarding as regards personal endeavor.   If there is anything that other people can do, it is to admire the determination and the hard work that entrepreneurs put into achieving their dreams.   For an entrepreneur to succeed, he/she must display the willingness required to prosper within the risks involved at both financial and personal levels and also go beyond to beat all odds so that they work in the entrepreneur’s favor.  Ã‚   Apart from hard work, other driving forces that entrepreneurs posses are perseverance and commitment at all levels of the business.   They only look at the end result being a winning situation.   Instead of dwelling on mistakes with regret and a sense of giving up, entrepreneurs use the mistakes as learning ground to make them better and more polished.   Despite the ups and downs that come their way, entrepreneurs have a strong belief in themselves and very confident on what they have set to do (Cie?lik, J. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Entrepreneurship and Innovation" essay for you Create order (2017). Innovation on the other hand refers to applying better solutions directed at meeting new requirements or needs (market or unarticulated needs).   Innovation results in efficiency of products, services, business models, technology and processes which already exist in the market and society in general including governments. If we are to achieve competitiveness in the enterprise, sustainable innovation is a condition (Leal-Millà ¡n, A. et al, 2018).   Through innovation, it is possible to increase competition in the production of goods and services for maximum profit.   However, practical experience in the area of innovation lacks which makes development of innovation to occur in a slow rate especially in developing countries.   This is because research has always taken a back seat when it came to public research institutions.   There is a glaring disconnect between institutions of higher learning, business enterprises as well as financial institutions.   Innovation is a pr ocess – from how an idea inception upto and including the end result.   It involves production, its exchanges and finally the consumption of the end product.   For innovation to be complete, a combination and integration of entrepreneurship, education, science, economics, technology and lastly management is required (Garcia, D. H et al, 2017).   That is to say, innovation requires collective and combined effort for it to succeed.   Just like in entrepreneurship, development of innovation requires motivation combined with commitment towards its development and management.   According to Colombelli, A. et al (2016), innovation companies should be at the forefront in allocating the requisite resources for the development of new products as well as marketing.

Performance of Ipo - 11029 Words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Towards the fulfillment of project program, a study was conducted at Stock Holding Corporation of India Ltd., Bangalore. The corporate exposure learning program involved in the study of Investors Perception on IPO’s and to analyze the selected IPO’s in the year 2006. Among various modes of raising fresh capital, the equity issue started gaining momentum in India during early 1980’s. It reached the peak during early 1990’s. Many companies made public issue during the year 2006. These companies raised funds by placing a high premium on the issue. Today most of these companies are trading not up to the expectation. The main objective of this study is to know the perception of the investors investing†¦show more content†¦And this year could be a record-buster, according to market watchers. One reason is the Bombay Stock Exchange s benchmark Sensex Index, which delivered a nearly 50% return last year and is up about 2.2% so far in 2007. In all, some 150 companies will list this year and raise an estimated $10 billion, according to Delhi-based Prime Database, which tracks IPO activity. Encouraged by the general investor enthusiasm for new issues—not to mention an economy expected to hit a growth rate of almost 10% in 2007—more than 30 companies have already filed or received approval from the Securities and Exchange Board of India to raise $6.3 billion. Last year s IPO activity, even with a market crash in the Sensex in late spring, was extremely robust despite worries by some that the Indian stock rally had run its course. Yet when stock prices resumed their march upward later in the year,Show MoreRelatedThe Modern Private Equity Industry1195 Words   |  5 Pagesbust cycles in the stock markets since as early as the 1940s, (John Steele Gordon, 2012,Wall Street Journal), which led to a rise in institutionalisation of buy-out funds in early 1980’s (Cao and Lerner, 2009). Previous study on long-term stock performance of leverage buy-out backed firms primarily focused on a rather small subset of the leverage buy-out backed firms called as Reverse Leverage Buyouts (RLBOs). A RLBO is the Initial Public Offering of companies which were initially publicly tradedRead MoreIpo : Ipo Methods And Ipo Pricing Phenomena1477 Words   |  6 Pagespublic. This research paper tries to explain the IPO, IPO methods and IPO pricing phenomena. This study has collected all those IPOs which are listed at National Stock Exchange during the study period January 2014 to November 2015. This study focuses on the IPOs price performance whether it is overpriced or underpriced. The IPOs price performance has been calculated by the IPOs post listing data. This study evaluates the IPOs risk and return performance by using three different measures as Sharpe’sRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Issaquah Philharmonic Orchestra1558 Words   |  7 PagesOrchestra (or IPO in short) was founded in 2000, and became a non-profit organization in February 2012. IPO has been performing 3 public concerts annually since November 2003, and its mission is to provide opportunities for qualified musicians, both young and old, to perform music, and to raise the level of music education and enhance the performing arts in Issaquah (â€Å"Issaquah Philharmonic Orchestra,† n.d.). This paper analyzes the team effectiveness of the IPO board using a list of 10 performance measuresRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Issaquah Philharmonic Orchestra1546 Words   |  7 Pagesbecame a non-profit organization in February 2012. IPO has been performing 3 public concerts annually since November 2003, and its mission is to offer opportunities for qualified musicians, both young and old, to perform music, and to raise the level of music education and enhance the performing arts in Issaquah (â€Å"Issaquah Philharmonic Orchestra,† n.d.). This paper analyzes the team effectiveness of the IPO board using a list of 10 performance measures for evaluation, taken from various academicRead MoreFacebook Ipo Case Study1175 Words   |  5 PagesBackground Facebook’s IPO (Initial public offering) is one of the world’s largest initial stock offerings, raising $16 billion for the company. Facebook made its stock market debut on May 18 with an initial offering price of $38 per share, but closed at $38.23, a slight 0.61 per cent up (Associated Press, 2012). The typical big first-day pop in the share price seen in other technology companies’ IPOs that many investors had expected did not materialise. Instead, its stock price has tumbled sinceRead MoreBorrowing Aggressive And Finance Its Growth Against The Capital Invested By The Owners982 Words   |  4 Pagesovercome this situation when its debt load is relatively higher than its yearly income. Challenge 3: Share price reaction in the stock market to IPO under-pricing Nowadays, the prestige of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is clearly attracting a large number of Chinese companies. Commonly, firms such as Alibaba seek to launch initial public offers (IPO) in foreign markets raising the capital that the firm needs to expand its businesses across the globe. Nevertheless, to deal with stock market reactionsRead MoreIssaquah Philharmonic Orchestra (Ipo) Was Formed In 2000,1528 Words   |  7 PagesIssaquah Philharmonic Orchestra (IPO) was formed in 2000, and it became a non-profit organization in February 2012, with a board comprising of 9 members. The mission of the orchestra is to â€Å"to providing qualified youth and experienced adults from Issaquah and surrounding communities an opportunity to perform symphonic music; to foster music education in the community; and to contribute to the enhancement of the performing arts in Issaquah.† (â€Å"Issaquah Philharmonic Orchestra,† n.d.), and it performsRead MoreShared Leadership: The Hyde Piper Company Case Analysis1777 Words   |  7 Pagesalternative to preparing for the IPO, manifested in the push towards shared knowledge and the creation of high-performance work teams. 2. The business problem and its significance The business problem is represented by the need for the Hyde Piper company to prepare for its initial public offering. This endeavor would be completed in a context in which the firm does not depend on the investors money to continue its operations. Another important challenge of the IPO is represented by the negativeRead MoreJet Blue Ipo Advanced Corporate Finance1654 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study #28: Jet Blue Airways IPO Valuation. Brendan Sookraj Webster University FINC 5880 Summer 2013 June 27, 2013 Author Note Certificate of Authorship: This paper was prepared by me for this specific course and is not a result of plagiarism or self-plagiarism. I have cited all sources from which I used data, ideas, or words either quoted or paraphrased. Date : __________________________Read MoreFeasibility Report On Ipos, And The Process Of Buying An Ipo1446 Words   |  6 PagesI compile, through various mediums, information regarding initial public offerings, or IPO’s. The report includes areas such as defining an IPO, the performance of IPO’s, the current market for IPO’s, and the process of buying an IPO. Therefore, the feasibility report is directed at the retail or non-professional investor who may be engaged in purchasing IPO’s. I look to determine if the underlying facts create certainty that these instruments are profitable currently and in the long run. It appears