Review of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay

Review of Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest The play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde definitely proved itself to be â€Å"A Trivial Comedy for Serious People.† I saw the play at State University’s State Theatre. The play was long, in a three-act structure, yet it moved along at a good pace. They did a nice job of preparing the audience, there was an interesting lobby display with sketches of each of the costumes with fabric samples and they played music to fit the time period before the show began. The first of Aristotle’s six components of theatre is plot. This play had an intricate and definitely interesting plot. The story begins with Ernest visiting his friend Algernon, or Algy, at his house in town.†¦show more content†¦Everyone is a bit surprised by this, since Ernest is supposedly there. Jack, distrustful of Algernons intentions toward Cecily, orders Algernon to leave by the next train. Algernon and Cecily say their goodbyes, and Cecily confesses she has been deeply in love with Ernest for a year and has made entries in her diary detailing the courtship. Algernon, wishing to stay Ernest for Cecilys sake, rushes off to the church to be rechristened Ernest. Gwendolen, Algernon’s cousin, who happens to be engaged to Jack whom she believes to be Ernest, arrives from London looking for Jack/Ernest and is escorted into the garden to meet Cecily. They sit down to afternoon tea and accidentally discover they are both in love with Ernest Worthing. Jack and Algernon return to the garden, are confronted by their lovers, and admit their true identities. Gwendolen and Cecily, each with her heart set on loving someone by the name of Ernest, retreat indoors together. Gwendolen and Cecily decide to forgive Jack and Algernon their indiscretions and promise to marry them. Lady Bracknell, Gwendolen’s mother, makes a surprise visit in order to retrieve Gwendolen. When she learns of Cecilys great fortune, she gives her consent to Algernons marriag e to Cecily. Jack refuses to give his consent, however, unless he is allowed to wed Gwendolen. Chasuble arrives to rechristen both young men when MissShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Being Earnest Satire Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesMaverick Yabut Professor Tina Regan ENGL 200 June 18, 2017 Satire in the Importance of Being Earnest Introduction Throughout Oscar Wilde’s play â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest†, Oscar Wilde routinely uses satire throughout the story amongst character dialogue and actions to scorn the Victorian society audience. Oscar uses satire to mock love, and the concept of marriage as well as the Victorian-aristocratic class system and society mentality. The play is described as â€Å"A trivial comedy for seriousRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1243 Words   |  5 PagesBiography An exuberant nonconformist and controversial playwright, eminent author Oscar Wilde produced critically acclaimed literary works that defined the essence of late Victorian England. Posthumously recognized for his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and satiric comedy The Importance of Being Earnest, Wilde initially acquired criticism for his immoral and unconventional style of writing. Additionally, to his dismay, strife followed Wilde in his personal life as he was notoriously triedRead MoreThe Effects Of Victorian Society s Unrealistic Expectations Of The Individual887 Words   |  4 PagesThis source is an essay examining how Wilde shows â€Å"the impact of Victorian society’s unrealistic expectations of the individual† in both The Importance of Being Earnest and The Picture of Dorian Gray. In the article, she talks about gender roles and societal expectations along with the ways characters in the play conform to or reject them. Although the essay is written by a student at McKendree University, the writing is not difficult to understand. This essay is well-documented and seems unbiasedRead MoreEssay on Is the Importance of Being Earnest a Satirical Play?1782 Words   |  8 Pagesview, has lost its sting’ (Edouard Roditi) To what extent do you agree with this response to the play? By Molly Campbell With the definition of a satire being, ‘the use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity’, it is ludicrous to even propose that The Importance of Being Earnest is anything other than a satirical play, as the characters relishing in the upper class of the Victorian period unknowingly mock their own habits acquired to them dueRead MoreOscar Wilde s Life And Accomplishments1949 Words   |  8 PagesOn the 16th of October 1854, Oscar Wilde was born to father William Wilde and Mother Jane Elgee (Biography.com). I can say with the utmost conviction that he grew up not only to be a good man but a great one. Oscar was one of the brightest minds of his time. Frequently he tested the boundaries of what was acceptable in polite society. He would burn a mark into our society that continued to glow white hot long after his death on November 30, 1900. Wilde left an incredible legacy behind, because ofRead MoreA Critical Anal ysis of Oscar Wildes Importance of Being Earnest3101 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Aesthete and the Leisure Class 9 The Plot vs. Characterization 9 The Analysis of Character 9 The Structure Analysis of Plot 10 The Title of the play 11 Conclusion 12 Critiquing Play Introduction The play, The Importance of Being Earnest, is written by Oscar Wilde and was first performed in London at St. Jamess Theatre on fourteen February of the year of 1895. In order to escape burdensome social obligations, fictitious personal was maintained by the protagonists in this farcicalRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire: the Importance of Being Earnest9437 Words   |  38 PagesThe Importance of being earnest Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Nature of Marriage Marriage is of paramount importance in The Importance of Being Earnest, both as a primary force motivating the plot and as a subject for philosophical speculation and debate. The question of the nature of marriage appears for the first time in the opening dialogue between Algernon and his butler, Lane, and from this point on the subject never disappears

Stress - Mindfulness and Anxiety in Aviation

Question: Discuss about the Stress, Mindfulness and Anxiety in Aviation. Answer: Introduction According to Driskell Salas (2013), accidents take place in aviation due to the sequence of mistakes. Stress, lack of concentration and anxiety of the pilot or the aircrew seem to be main reasons behind such accidents. The task that they do is not an easy one. As opined by Leonhardt Vogt (2012), situations may occur where they lose their focus or fail to read the present situation properly resulting into a major accident. According to Wagner et al (2015), sometimes, not the individual but the organization is to be blamed for the lack of systematic scheduling of the task that has stem out of any physical and psychological reason. In such cases, one cannot do anything after the accident had already taken place. Therefore, precaution is needed to prevent it. As discussed by Wagner et al (2015), apart from technological fault, people who lead the journey are the main reason for such accidents. He continued that as soon as the reason of anxiety, stress and lack of concentration is ident ified, necessary measures should be taken. It takes both time and systematic procedure to overcome such psychological barriers. According to vine et al (2015), any physical problem can also be a reason and it should be identified too. In this essay, some accidents will be analyzed to find out the way it occurred. It will help to outline the prevalent cases and the most occurred problem. After discussing the prevalent issues, some solutions will be addressed The effect of stress, anxiety and lack of concentration in aviation According to Archer (2015), human factors play a major role in aviation safety and security. Before one reaches to the solution, it is important to understand how anxiety, stress and lack of concentration cause accidents. As pointed out by Ford et al (2013), for example, due to the improper use of terminology and heavy accents of Dutch KLM crew, an accident occurred in 1977. Reportedly, 583 passengers died in that accident. Again, in 1980, a misunderstanding occurred while giving holding pattern clearance. As a result, the jet collided with a mountain and 146 people died. According to Zhu Ma (2015), in 1990, confusion between the signal minimum fuel and fuel emergency caused an accident. As focused by Kemp et al (2013), one of the striking cases happened in 1993, when a pilot failed to understand the meaning of pull up. One can understand form these examples, that communication barrier is a major problem because communication between the aircrews operates the whole system. However, according to Kaiser (2013), miscommunication is a result of many things. These are as follows: Language Time Other people Distance Distractions Discomfort with the topic Lack of interest Disability Put downs Noise Too many questions According to Driskell et al (2014), communication is a two-way process that involves the sender and the receiver. All the above-mentioned points affect the transfer of the message between the sender and the receiver. Other physical and psychological problems such as stress and fatigue, ambiguity due to anxiety can damage the communication process. As opined by Meland et al (2015), stress is a psychological condition, which is related to the physical condition. Lack of proper sleep and physical exercise can make a person distressed and anxious. It also hampers the mindfulness. Lack of concentration, on the other hand, disrupts clear and logical thinking ultimately damaging the message transfer process and situation awareness. All these physical and psychological issues are interrelated. According to Ursin (2012), clear thinking that leads to decision-making is guided by the emotions. When a person is wrong, he confidently takes wrong decisions. According to Wang et al (2013, October), moreover, stress leads to confusion and discomfort. The mind can come to a point of stagnancy due to this discomfort. Self-development is the only way to solve this problem. Wang et al (2013, October) added an example, in 1994; stress factor resulted into an accident in Pittsburgh. As opined by Powell (2016), an intense level of stress hardens the skill operation. It may be that the person is skilled and had no bad reputation yet under a stressful condition he failed to manage the situation through an application of survival strategies. The pilot receives the threat and under stress, he loses the ability to continue with his high-level performance. Effects of communication barrier at organizational level An effective communication can reduce the confusion within the cockpit and prevent the accident. It can make the pilot or any other aircrew aware about the situation for taking the right decision at the right time. According to Martins (2016), in aviation, English is the standardized language and the common terminologies are in English. It is because aviation is a global business serving the customers worldwide. The organization runs smoothly if the customers are happy and satisfied. As opined by Baker (2013), it demands clarity of thought, politeness, calmness and a good temper. According to Linacre Linacre (2016), stress and anxiety can damage the communication process here. It has an effect at the organizational level because the customers expect a good service from the pilot, customer service agent, cabin crew, pilot, or from an air traffic controller. While transferring the non-verbal messages such as symbols and gestures, the situation is even more complex. The common errors c an be the failure to decode the symbols, misinterpretation of runway designator, misinterpretation of height or attitude, and misinterpretation of clearances including take off, hold positions, landing and hold short. According to Ikusika (2012), any miscommunication between the pilot and the Air Traffic Controller (ATC) is dangerous. As opined by Clay-Williams Colligan (2015), reportedly, ATC- pilot misunderstanding was the reason behind almost 200 cases of accidents previously. Apart from it, the pilot and the cabin crew also need an uninterrupted communication for the smooth workflow. As discussed by Conway et al (2013, September), whereas the psychological barriers have an impact, the physical barriers that affect the communication are the following: Cockpit door allows less face-to-face communication because of the separation Cockpit personnel work in a confined place In spite of the short space, many people interact inside it Other reasons of communication barrier between the pilot and the cabin crew are the following. According to Taylor et al (2014), these factors create hazard at the time of any emergency task. Cultural difference between the pilot and the cabin crew Joint training between the cabin crew and the flight crew is limited Formal and informal interactions between them is restricted by the schedules Communication between them is affected by the stress and anxiety due to the emergency task Communication barriers are present at the organizational level too, i.e. barriers within the organization. As discussed by Leonhardt Vogt (2012), it is due to the difference in objectives for example, the safety versus service. Difference in manuals and training procedures determines the skill and ability of the aircrews and the pilot. As opined by Baker (2013), development of the skill encourages fewer instances of confusion and anxiety. Although the organizational goal remains the maintenance of safety and security, the flight crew and cabin crew have their own separate tasks and they need to fulfill them by exercising both knowledge and attention. According to Archer (2015), whereas, the flight crew is responsible for taking the aircraft safely to the destination, the cabin crew takes care of the safety of the passengers. However, for a systematic and organized workflow both the cabin crew and the flight crew work collaboratively. Thus, safety and security of the aviation is main tained and maximized. Reasons of physical, psychological and physiological stress in aviation According to Ikusika (2012), focusing on aviation sector, some specific reasons for stress can be outlined. These are the following: High temperature inside the cockpit or hanger creates an uncomfortable situation due to perspiration and overheating. Low temperature makes them weak and distressed. Changing air pressure exerts g-force on the body and makes the controlling of the aircraft a difficult task Vibration of the seat makes the reading of navigational chart difficult Anything more than the usual noise level that ranges from 70-80 dB is the reason behind stress and it hampers the concentration level Technical data is difficult to read inside the work area due to poor lightings. Use of torch cannot solve this problem Intense fog makes the visibility difficult. As opined by Meland et al (2015), the psychological barriers include both the personal and work related problems that make an aircrew over-anxious. As a result, it affects the workflow. Apart from it, there are some physiological barriers too. These are as following: Continuation of the work instead of unwell physical condition, especially, in case of a pilot. He fails to concentrate on his job properly due to illness. Insufficient meals in between the journeys can worsen the physical condition Lack of proper sleep creates fatigue. It happens because the pilot is scheduled to perform long hours job The circadian cycle of the body is affected due to conflicting schedules of the shifts. It degrades the performance level Remedies to the situations It is already discussed that stress and anxiety and lead to miscommunication which can hamper the skill and ability of an individual in aviation. How it affects at the organizational level is also detailed. Now, the possible solutions for the identified problems will be recommended. According to Wagner et al (2015), for the purpose of stress management, Cognitive Resilience can be a useful tool. Psychological stress is linked to physical stress. Vine et al (2015) opined that one could measure the stress level and the ability for maintaining situational awareness through CR. It is important for an aircrew to understand how much he is cognitively fit. According to Clay-Williams Colligan (2015), consultation with the therapist is necessary in case of setting the soft benchmark to measure CR and for the hard benchmark one should go to endocrinologist. According to Ikusika (2012), hard benchmark helps to evaluate the fitness associated to stress management. Experiential learning, which i ncludes time-limited back counting, exercise, and checking of the heart rate develop skill. According to, stress management involves a set of skills. Meland et al (2015) opined that hard benchmark becomes soft benchmark as time passes. Meland et al (2015) added that kill development through stress management develops the understanding level. Stress is first a physical condition and then a psychological one. Therefore, it is important to reduce the physical stress. It can be done through the following: Proper 8 hours sleep per day is necessary. If it is inadequate, one should extend the time of sleeping on the other days. According to Zhu Ma, (2015), a proper and comfortable sleep, which includes Melatonin cycle, i.e. fade in and fade out of light, increases the level of clear thinking. Systematic physical exercise relaxes the body and encourages comfortable sleep that ultimately removes stress Development of concentration level through practice increases ability of situation awareness. It is the cognitive fitness, which enables one to take good decisions. However, this cognitive fitness should be maintained. However, Clay-Williams Colligan (2015), discussed that airmanship should involve the following: Critical thinking Threat and Error Management Operational Mindfulness Decision making Situational Awareness As opined by Ursin (2012), mindfulness can be developed through the following: Experiential training Training of the mind to develop unbiased judgment Development of awareness control To understand the mindfulness, the aircrews should engage in a critical analysis of the situation that they go through if they are unable to make out the problem. According to Meland et al (2015), introspection should include the following questions: How is the problem connected to my task? Do I have adequate and proper information associated to the task? Where should I focus more? Do my mind divert from the actual problem? Am I not able to understand the relevant problems? How much my point is relevant to the issue I am addressing? What are the facts that can help me get the answers? How much the considerations that I have outlined truly answer my queries? According to Driskell Salas (2013), to be able to control the thinking process should be the objective of the aircrews for the development of mindfulness and situational awareness. According to Zhu Ma (2015), some queries during the process of introspection can discipline the thinking process. These are the following: Is it the proper question to ask at the present situation? Is there any major issue that I should address at the present situation? Does the question focus on the real issue? What information do I need to solve the queries? What should be the justified conclusion of the facts questioned? What is my point of view? Should I apply another point of view? Is there any other way to analyze? What are the related questions that I should take account? Such ways of critical thinking is self- disciplined, self- directed and self-monitored. As a result of critical thinking, situation awareness is increased that leads an aircrew to take proper decision. Conclusion Throughout the discussion, it is brought out that human factor plays a major role in aviation. It is essential that they maintain a smooth workflow. However, the past events have showed how one simple mistake can lead to a major accident that takes away many lives. There are many interrelated reasons behind these accidents. Some happened due to the disorganized working environment, and most of them occurred because of the failure from the pilots side. Misunderstanding due to miscommunication seems to be one of the primary reasons. However, it is already discussed how these miscommunication can borne out of the lack of concentration and psychological stress. There are other reasons too, which create miscommunication, but stress, anxiety and lack of concentration in a pilot can become very dangerous. It is a well-known fact that the task of a pilot needs a lot of concentration, situation awareness and presence of mind. Whereas, physical stress and fatigue affects the concentration leve l and damages the situation, it also hampers the communication between the personnel who work together for the accomplishment of the tasks. There are some methods through which physical stress and fatigue can be overcome. It reduces the anxiety level and enables the unhindered transfer of messages between the sender and the receiver. Proper sleep and physical exercise are the two most necessary elements that remove physical stress. There are some other ways too which have been discussed. Apart from the ensuring security at the individual level, organizational framework and their working procedure have an impact on the safety and security of the aviation. Reference Archer, S. K. (2015). Gender, Communication, and Aviation Incidents/Accidents.Journal of Media Critiques [JMC],1(2). Baker, R. (2013).Understanding Trauma: how to overcome post-traumatic stress. Lion Books. Driskell, J. E., Salas, E. (Eds.). (2013).Stress and human performance. Psychology Press. Driskell, T., Driskell, J. E., Salas, E. (2014). Stress, performance, and decision making in organizations.Judgment and decision making at work, 251-276. Ford, J., Henderson, R., O'Hare, D. (2013). Barriers to intra-aircraft communication and safety: The perspective of the flight attendants.The International Journal of Aviation Psychology,23(4), 368-387. Kaiser, S. A. (2013). Automation and Limits of Human Performance: Potential Factors in Aviation Accidents.ZLW,62, 204. Kemp, P. M., Cardona, P. S., Chaturvedi, A. K., Soper, J. W. (2013).Distribution of 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Postmortem Biological Fluids and Tissues From Pilots Fatally Injured in Aviation Accidents(No. DOT/FAA/AM-13/24). Leonhardt, J., Vogt, M. J. (Eds.). (2012).Critical incident stress management in aviation. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Linacre, S., Linacre, S. (2016). Stressing the importance of stress.Human Resource Management International Digest,24(6), 37-39. Martins, A. P. (2016). A review of important cognitive concepts in aviation.Aviation,20(2), 65-84. Meland, A., Fonne, V., Wagstaff, A., Pensgaard, A. M. (2015). Mindfulness-based mental training in a high-performance combat aviation population: A one-year intervention study and two-year follow-up.The International Journal of Aviation Psychology,25(1), 48-61. Powell, S. K. (2016). Mindfulness, Multitasking, and You.Professional case management,21(2), 61-62. Ursin, H. (Ed.). (2012).Psychobiology of stress: A study of coping men. Elsevier. Vine, S. J., Uiga, L., Lavric, A., Moore, L. J., Tsaneva-Atanasova, K., Wilson, M. R. (2015). Individual reactions to stress predict performance during a critical aviation incident.Anxiety, Stress, Coping,28(4), 467-477. Wagner, M., Sahar, Y., Elbaum, T., Botzer, A., Berliner, E. (2015). Grip Force as a Measure of Stress in Aviation.The International Journal of Aviation Psychology,25(3-4), 157-170. Wang, H., Xie, G., Zheng, J. (2013, October). A New Model of Psychological Education for General Aviation Trainees. InInternational Academic Workshop on Social Science (IAW-SC-13). Atlantis Press. Zhu, S. X., Ma, W. L. (2015). Cockpit/cabin Crew Communication: Problems and Countermeasures. InInternational Conference on Education, Management, Commerce and Society (EMCS15). Ikusika, O. M., Joseph, L., Nagy, P. (2012). The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire in radiology: a cornerstone of a successful quality program.Journal of the American College of Radiology,9(2), 150-151. Clay-Williams, R., Colligan, L. (2015). Back to basics: checklists in aviation and healthcare.BMJ quality safety,24(7), 428-431. Conway, D., Dick, I., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, F. (2013, September). The effect of stress on cognitive load measurement. InIFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction(pp. 659-666). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Taylor, A., Dixon-Hardy, D. W., Wright, S. J. (2014). Simulation training in UK general aviation: An undervalued aid to reducing loss of control accidents.The International Journal of Aviation Psychology,24(2), 141-152.

Internet Communication free essay sample

The internet, since discovered as a powerful communication tool has grown, expanded and spread through out the world like wild fire. It has since become arguably the most powerful source of communication and resource. Many people in the world have access to the internet and almost every company has full access to surf the net. The internet has broadened our horizons in ways we never dreamt to be possible. Advertising on web pages, e-mail, instant chat, video conferencing and many other ways of communicating has evolved through out the years. As most of us know, the internet was developed for the United States army as a source of communication but it soon became public. Take for an example some of the things that we can do on the net. You can log in and instantly see which of your friends are online. You can send them an instant message, e-mail them, chat or make a video call. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you are working online then you can see which of your colleagues are online and work with them. All these methods are used for communication. Lets look at some of these methods in detail. Take for an example e-mail. E-mail was one of the first ways we started to use the internet. It was not too long ago that we started using this facility. You type what you want and send the mail to the relevant mail address. The message is delivered electronically. It takes a matter of minutes if not seconds for the message to be delivered. When e-mail first came into the scene it was not possible for you to just walk into any remote computer lab and view your e-mails. But now this is possible with web based e-mail. Companies like Microsoft, Yahoo and G-mail provide free web based e-mail. If you dont mind seeing some advertising on your web page then any one can sign up and use these services free of charge. It is not only as online text that you can send e-mails. Now there is the facility where you can attach files and mail them to who ever you want. You can attach files, folders, wave files, pictures and any other sort of file you can think of provided that the size and format is compatible on both ends. Now its also possible to encrypt your e-mail messages. Once the file is encrypted it is almost impossible to be viewed by any third party. This depends according to the level of inscription that you place. A 512 or 1024 bit encryption is brick solid and would take a super computer about five years to decode. The next best thing to e-mail is chatting. Chat services allow you to actually have a live conversation with another person or a group of people. Now it is possible to chat online through the web browser it self. There are many chat services available on the net. Some chat services provide the facility where you can have a private chat with any of your friends. We also find chat services with chat rooms. Most of the providers now separate these chat rooms by names; say romance, cars, technology, medicine or any other topic you can imagine. In chat rooms all your conversations can be seen by other people. This kind of chat is common to all. Chatting is also used within companies and organization for official use. The next step was video conferencing. You can see and talk to another person or a group of people provided you have a web cam and a head set with a mike. Some providers give this facility totally free of charge. If you have a high speed internet connection the quality of the video will be high. It is actually better than the telephone because you actually get to see the person youre talking too. All these technological advances exploded during the last few years. The internet has shown us new ways of communication and has actually taken communication to a whole new level. Now it is almost impossible to imagine life or communication with out the internet.

Substance Abuse In The Workplace Essays - Drug Control Law

Substance Abuse in the Workplace As widespread drug use is on the rise, many employers have begun to worry about the performance of their employees. Absenteeism, injuries, loss of productivity, employee morale, theft and fatalities are just some of the causes of drug use in the workplace. The idea of drug testing among workers has developed from society's concern over a perceived increase in the use of drugs and the relation between drug use and impairment, with resultant risks to the worker, fellow workers and the public. As early as 1987, 21% of employers had instituted drug-testing programs. Employers have begun to think that mass drug tests are the answer to their problems. What many of these employers don't know is that there are many problems that surround drug testing at work. One of the biggest of these problems is whether or not it is constitutional to conduct drug tests on the employees. Employers fail to educate themselves with established or recent laws about drug testing in the workplace and about huma n rights. Also, mass, low-cost screening tests may not be reliable or valid. Alcohol testing does not differentiate casual drinking from alcohol dependence or alcoholism. Drug tests can create an untrustworthy environment for the employees. There are better ways to address substance abuse. Drug testing in the workplace is an important issue for all of Canada's labour force, regardless if it's you're first job or if you've had a steady job for 30 years. Many employees, who have had to subjugate themselves to degrading and demeaning drug tests, feel that these tests violate their constitutional rights. It is an infringement on their privacy. In order for the tests to make sure there is no specimen tampering there must be an administrator present to oversee every action the employee makes during their drug test. For tests such as hair and breath testing this does present a major problem, but for urine tests men and women alike are disturbed by the direct observation of their urine collection. Unfortunately, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms applies only to the laws and actions of the federal and provincial governments and their agencies. It does not apply to the policies and actions of private employers. The Charter therefore does not protect private sector employees from unreasonable drug testing. It is necessary to state that currently an employer can terminate an employee's job if the employee has been using illegal drug s and alcohol, but only if such use is not considered a disability. Alcohol or drug addiction can be viewed as a physical and/or mental disability. In Ontario, the Ontario Human Rights, Citizenship, and Multiculturalism Act prohibit employment discrimination based on disability. Employers have a responsibility to accommodate employees who are disabled. Drug testing has not been proven to be against the Canadian Human Rights Commission. "In order to institute a drug testing policy into a company which complies with human rights legislation, an employer must be able to demonstrate that the testing is related to job performance, and not just substance abuse." Many employees feel that drug testing is a way of discriminating against people who might have a drug and/or alcohol disability. An example of such discrimination is found in Entrop v. Imperial Oil Ltd. The Ontario Board of Inquiry found that Imperial Oil Limited discriminated against Martin Entrop, a senior operator at the Sarni a Refinery, because of a disability. The Board of Inquiry found that "under a new Alcohol and Drug Policy introduce in 1992, Imperial Oil employees in "safety-sensitive" positions were required to notify management if they currently had or had previously had a substance abuse problem." After Mr.Entrop heard that this policy was coming into effect he informed his employer that he had had an alcohol problem about ten years earlier, that he had attended Alcoholics Anonymous, and that he had abstained from using alcohol since 1984. Mr. Entrop had been an employee for seventeen years and he had had no problems at work that were related to substance abuse, but Imperial Oil's policy required that Mr.Entrop be immediately removed form his current position. This example clearly shows that it is discriminatory to terminate a person's job because of a past or

Essay Writing Tips - Choosing the Right APA Format Sample

Essay Writing Tips - Choosing the Right APA Format SampleThere are various essays that can be written to earn APA credit, but writing your own unique essay will ensure a higher chance of success. Whether you need to write a summary of a report or research paper, an essay to give an overview of a short story, or even a book report, you will find that there are some important guidelines to follow when writing your own essay.There are several APA format sample essays that can be found on the internet. The ones that are most effective and easily understandable are the short essays. Although the longer type of essay will require you to change your essay into a longer one, by the time you reach the latter portion of the essay, it should make sense and be easy to understand. Here are some things to consider when choosing the right APA format sample for your use.A good essay that does not meet the requirements of APA is likely to lose the audience's interest, not to mention the judges. You h ave a certain amount of control over this, so you must make sure that the topic is both specific and unique. Your essay should stand out above the rest. It should be different from the others on the list. If it is similar to other existing APA essay works, it will not be unique.Your essay should be written in a formal style. It will have to follow the proper formatting rules of APA and then it will be difficult to understand. Formal writing style is important because it will help make your essay more readable by the judges.The quality of the APA format sample should be clearly explained in the instructions that come with it. Everything from font size to spacing to margins must be clear. This is not an article that can be read with ease, so make sure that the most basic information is given first. With the basic information provided, the rest will be easy.A good essay does not need thousands of examples. It is enough to provide the most basic information that needs to be presented in a clear way. It is best to leave more detailed information for the advanced level of essay work, but if you feel the need to include more details, you can add them later on as you go along.The length of the essay should be short. One page is often all that is needed. However, shorter essays may still do well, so keep this in mind as you go along.The APA format sample essay will allow you to use many of the same topics and make some changes here and there. It is best to be bold and write something new to see if it will work. If you are unable to do this, stick with the basics of what is written for now and you will be able to change it later.

How decisions reveal our identity

How decisions reveal our identity Introduction Decision-making is an important aspect in human life since it enables people to focus on the way forward. Social psychologists posit that through decision-making, we are able to study how people perceive the world around them, their feelings, emotions as well as behaviors and actions. Scholars of psychology reveal that human actions come at play due to mental states and the immediate social conditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How decisions reveal our identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whatever an individual expresses in form of a thought, consist of long-term experiences. Decisions are manifestations of culture, which vary from one society to another. Rarely does a person come up with a new idea without having learned or acquired it. It is not surprising to observe that various groups tend to behave differently because they hold diverse believes and share something in common which is usual ly historical. Decisions are made to solve certain problems. Furthermore, problems differ from places to places. Africans face problems that are different from those of other races. Equally, Europeans have different problems that call for specific decisions to solve them. Each decision maker has some considerations when coming up with solutions. The solutions made tend to tell the race or ethnic group of the maker. This paper analyzes how our decisions can reveal our ethnic or racial grouping. Intrapersonal phenomena Intrapersonal communication refers to the process by which an individual evaluates him/her self before coming up with an idea. It refers to thought process where a person engages his/her wits in decision-making. The process determines the kind of attitude possessed by an individual. An attitude is defined as a learned, worldwide assessment of an individual, object, place or issue that determines thought process or behavior. They are what an individual likes or dislikes. People from particular regions are known to be having certain attitudes, which are different from those of others. For instance, in an interview, Africans prefer not to have eye contacts with interviewers as it shows rudeness to the seniors. Americans on the other hand believe that avoidance of eye contact shows some aspects of criminality in an individual (Jarrett, Mbalia, and Lee 238). Attitudes have strong influence to the life of an individual since if not handled, can lead to bias. Individuals attempt to evaluate other people’s decisions using their culture as yardstick. Some attitudes are intrinsic meaning that they are inborn in an individual. People from a particular environment tend to portray same attitudes that affect their decision-making processes. Attitudes are acquired through the process of socialization. This implies that a child learns how to solve problems right away from childhood. For instance, Africans are usually taught how to deal with situations with out consulting extensively. This explains why there are many despots and oligarchs in the African continent. It has to do with traditional African culture, which discourages consultation.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Persuasion is another feature of intrapersonal trend that determines an individual’s decision-making process. It guides an individual towards acceptance of a particular attitude, thought and action through a rational technique. Persuasion is a concept that is reliant on appeals as opposed to force. Persuasion varies from one person to another. Some races or ethnic groups are easily persuaded as opposed to others. The white race is highly opinionated since it always wants to dominate any argument. In this case, it has a higher persuasive power and this explains why whites are preferred when making decisions aimed at increasing sales in an organization. The Asian race is patient and tactical. Furthermore, Africans are easily convinced by popular policies while the white race believes in facts that is, truth speaks for itself. Social cognition Social cognition pertains to the way people view themselves as well as others. Human beings tend to evaluate themselves in relation to others when engaging in decision-making. Within this topic is the subtopic referred to as attribution. Attribution is concerned with how an individual explains a particular behavior. People attach actions to certain variables, which can be either internal or external. Internal variables are to be found within a person including individuality and capacity of doing something. Outside variables consist of the external environment, which is known to influence decision-making in people. Heuristics is a social disorder that emanates from social cognition. It is a situation where an individual decides to use a short cut in obtaining something. Such individuals fear t he process of bureaucracy or any other factor that causes delay in acquisition of wanted goods or services. People of this kind usually want to get rich faster and are extremely ambitious in their lives. They perceive everything to be easy meaning that they always desire to win. In cases of disappointments, they do not accept the reality of the matter and instead go ahead to apply tricks. The same individuals are biased as regards to decision-making. In the modern world, Chinese have been accused of applying tricks to topple other states in the international financial system. This gives a good example of how decisions can tell where an individual comes from. There is another form of bias referred in psychology as confirmation bias. A social disorder may affect accurate decision-making process because a certain individual may aim at proving something. Labeling is one such problem that makes individuals to confirm what they are said to be.Advertising We will write a custom ess ay sample on How decisions reveal our identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Africans have always been branded as drug addicts, slave laborers and criminals. Some young Africans grow up knowing that they are drug addicts. Later on in life, such youngsters go out of their way to prove what they are said to be. This has occurred not only to Africans but also to other races around the world. It is evident that some historical aspects and injustices can inform individual decisions. Many Africans engage in drugs not because they like sedatives but because the society wants them to be addicts. Social Influence This refers to other people’s influences to one’s life. Individuals tend to conform to societal norms after sometime. Thereafter, individuals follow the way people do things in the society. This happens when individuals migrate to foreign lands. In the US today, many groups can be identified with certain behavior that are un ique and special. The groups promise to abide by the set laws and cooperate in achieving common goals and values. People tend to like similar foods, cloths and fashions with original make. This kind of living is not safe as regards to state culture because it generates animosity and hatred. People decide to join ethnic groups in order to benefit from services offered and to be accepted generally (Nasir 48). In the US, the Chinese have established a strong culture and taste, leading to formation of Chinatown. Group Dynamics A group is a collection of persons linked to each other by strong societal relations. Such groups interrelate, influence the actions of one another and have a common history. The groups set specific norms, roles and relations, which are to be followed strictly. Groups confer identity to its members. Furthermore, it augments an individual’s self-concept. In many parts of the country, groups have been seen to improve decision-making. They come in handy during the times of crisis mainly to arbitrate on cases. Members tend to treat group decisions with utmost trust implying that they cannot change such decisions easily. However, groups are not to be trusted since they slow down decision-making processes. Sometimes, members of a group do not explore all options since decisions are reached at without extensive consultations. Relying on group discussions have caused major hiccups in decision-making processes. Conclusion In the modern society, groups identify themselves using social media. Some groups are difficult to note because their identity is not readily available. It is possible to know which group a person comes from through analyzing his/her decisions. Decisions are usually uniform among members of same groups. Changes are usually minimal in order to preserve group identity. While some groups are helpful, the majority are destructive since they promote ethnicity or racism. The state cannot move forward unless the problem of tribalism is tackled from all angles.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Group formation should be encouraged only when it benefits the state that is, aims at unifying the public. A tribal clash is the worst form of conflict that should never be witnessed in the world because of its extreme effects. There should be a way of bringing groups together in order to achieve national integration and harmony. Jarrett, Joyce, Mbalia, Doreatha and Lee Margaret. Heritage: African American readings for writers. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall: Allyn Bacon, 2001. Nasir, Naqvi. The Role of Emotion in Decision Making: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10.1111, 2006.

Ap World Histroy Dbq

Political, religious, and social factors affected the work of scientist in the sixteenth and seventeenth century in many ways. They were the reasons why natural philosophers questioned, studied, and continued to find new information in their discoveries. Developing a new scientific worldview must have required an abundance of controversy dealing with these important factors. There were people who believed that the discoveries made should not interfere with political power. *Thomas Hobbes, an English Philosopher, certainly believed in many theories’ that scientists had viewed. However he is best known for his political thought. Certainly his political views were included in his scientific works (Doc 7). Louis XVI, a political power, showed interest into the scientific studies. This evidently showed on a drawing to honor Louis XVI’s visit to the French Royal Academy (Doc 10). Clearly, science was encouraged to flourish because people knew the happiness of the country, for not only depending on the arms abroad but for also creating abundances at home (Doc 11). The social factor was furthermost likely to have been more analyzed in scientist works. Many were interested in what people thought of them and their studies. Scientist were even more proficient in removing their experiments completely if people disagreed. Marin Mersenne guaranteed that his experiments had been repeated more than 100 times, but however was willing to change them if someone did not agree. Others however, were confident in their studies and did not care for much criticism (Doc 1). The reason for why natural philosophers were sometimes held back was because they truly did not know what their objective was. This is most likely why they made slight progress in the sixteenth and seventeenth centauries (Doc 4). Religion was unquestionably a factor scientist considered. They took the principles of God into their works. It appeared impossible to them how things could have so much astonishing features and qualities and still have been created out of nature. They knew these things became to exist from an immeasurable wisdom and power (Doc 8). Just as God governs minds, minds have specific laws which place them above the moments of matter (Doc 12). Bible stories were used as comparisons with scientific views, such as John Calvin mentioning Moses who wrote in a popular style where all ordinary persons gifted with common sense and were able to be understood (Doc 2). He is a French Protestant theologian which may be what leads him to trust that astronomy unfolds the admirable wisdom of God. There were those who were not affected with political, religious, and social factors because they were limited on human rights. Women had certain difficulties in the scientific area. Margret Cavendish would have set her own school of natural philosophy if she would have not have feared the casting of a male school. *Margaret, a natural philosopher, was certainly interested in discoveries however, she understood the complications of having a part in this grouping (Doc 9). Studies should have been allowed from those who wished to learn, as well as those who selected to reject whatever is unidentified to them (Doc2). Both genders could have formed a friendship between intelligent associations; this would have been a great aid to the investigation and education of the truth (Doc 6). Political, religious, and social factors were massive topics. Natural Philosophers certainly were aware of their process of studies and experiments. They all had different views on the three factors causing old and new discoveries to be more interesting.